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HLA Typing: Advancing Transplantation and Personalized Medicine

HLA typing, or Human Leukocyte Antigen typing, is a critical process in modern medicine that plays a central role in organ transplantation, disease research, and personalized healthcare. HLA molecules are proteins found on the surface of most cells in the human body. They help the immune system distinguish between self and non-self, making them essential for immune response and compatibility in transplants.

The primary purpose of HLA typing is to identify genetic similarities between donors and recipients. A close match between HLA genes significantly reduces the risk of transplant rejection. This is particularly important for kidney, bone marrow, and liver transplants, where compatibility can directly influence patient survival and long-term outcomes. HLA typing has also expanded into stem cell transplantation, ensuring better immune system integration and improved recovery rates.

HLA typing is conducted using several advanced techniques. Traditional serological methods involve testing blood…